Heart disease remains a leading cause of death worldwide, but the good news is that many risk factors are within our control. While we can’t change our age, gender or family history, we can significantly reduce our risk by addressing modifiable factors.
What Are Modifiable Risk Factors?
Modifiable risk factors are lifestyle choices and conditions that we can actively work to improve, such as:
- Smoking – If you smoke, get help to quit. There are many effective tools are available, including behavioral change programs, nicotine replacement therapy and other medications.
- Alcohol consumption – If you don’t drink, don’t start. If you drink, moderation is key. Limit intake to no more than two drinks per day for men and one per day for women.
- Diet – A healthy diet is one of the best ways to fight cardiovascular disease. In fact, a heart-healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean protein can significantly lower your risk. What you eat can affect other controllable risk factors, such as cholesterol, blood pressure, diabetes and weight.
- Physical inactivity – An inactive lifestyle is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Regular exercise, even moderate activity like brisk walking, strengthens your heart and improves overall health.
- Obesity – Carrying excess weight, especially around the waist, increases heart disease risk even if no other risk factors are present.
- High blood pressure – This “silent killer” puts extra strain on your heart. High blood pressure increases the heart’s workload, causing the heart muscle to thicken and become stiffer. This stiffening of the heart muscle is not normal and causes the heart to function abnormally. It also increases your risk of stroke, heart attack, kidney failure and congestive heart failure. Regular checkups and lifestyle changes, along with medication if needed, are essential.
- High cholesterol – High levels of “bad” cholesterol increase plaque buildup in your arteries. Regular checkups and dietary adjustments can help. If you’re over age 20, you should have your cholesterol checked every four to six years as part of a cardiovascular risk assessment. You may need to check it more often if certain factors put you at higher risk or you already have heart disease.
- Diabetes – If you have diabetes, regular checkups are critical to help keep your blood sugar under control. Work with your health care team to develop healthy eating habits, control your weight and get regular physical activity. You also may need medications to help control your blood sugar or insulin levels.
Remember, the more risk factors you have, the more at risk you are for heart disease.
Taking Action During Heart Month
February is a great time to reassess your heart health. Take action by:
- Scheduling a checkup – Talk to your doctor about your risk factors and get any necessary screenings.
- Making lifestyle changes – Start small and gradually incorporate healthier habits into your routine.
Prioritizing self-care – Stress management techniques like yoga or meditation can also benefit your heart health.
By taking control of these modifiable risk factors, you can significantly reduce your risk of heart disease and live a longer, healthier life.
Learn More About Cardiac Care
At MVHS, our team of physicians and clinical staff members specialize in cardiac, cardiovascular and thoracic surgery. Not sure where to begin? Speak with your primary care provider to get started.
Disclaimer: This information is for general knowledge and informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Consult with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance.
Author
Jessica Fister, BSN, RN, assistant vice president of Cardiac Services.
